The cases and their functions

Notes

Use this as a mental checklist when you're lost or can't make a word make sense. This list isn't complete, but it covers all the basics and the most common constructions.

Nominative
Subject
Predicate complement

Genitive
Possession
Partitive (genitive of the whole)
Objective genitive
Subjective genitive

Dative
Indirect object
Dative of possession
Dative of agent with passive periphrastic

Accusative
Direct object
Subject accusative in indirect statement
Duration of time (extent)

Ablative
Means / instrument
Place where
Personal agent
Manner
Ablative absolute
Separation
Time at which / within which