vassal - obligations to the lord
feudal kings - power?
serfs - what are? obligations?
Charlemagne - his cultural program
break up of Charlemagne empire - why?
commerce and industry in the western medieval city  - organization
Islam - religion
Koran
Sunna
Islam - culture
Byzantine civilization - characteristics; achievements
Hagia Sophia
Justinian/ Theodora
Carolingian Renaissance
Carolingian minuscule
Caesaropapism
Iconoclasm
Merovingian dynasty
Charles Martel