The Cherokees weren't nomadic. They had established houses and communities, had developed a written language, and some had even accepted the white man's god. They declared themselves the Cherokee Nation, and even took their claim to their land to the U.S. Supreme Court and won. Then gold was discovered in their lands, and they became the last of the five civilized tribes (the other tribes being Creek, Choctaws, Chicksaws, and Seminoles) to be forced off their lands under the Removal Act of 1830, signed by president Andrew Jackson. They set out to the Oklahoma Indian Reservations, and their journey became known as the "Nunna daul Tsuny" or "The Trail Where They Cried." 4000 Cherokees died as a result of the removal.