Spring 2008

Constitutional History of the United States:

Citizenship

CBD Building Room 238

 

 

 

Professor:       Elizabeth Dale

                        edale@history.ufl.edu

Office hours:   Tuesday: 7th period

Thursday: 4th-5th periods

and by appointment

 

 

 

The seminar will meet once a week, on Wed, for three hours starting at 3PM (8-10 periods, using the main campus schedule).

 

 

Required materials:

 

James Kettner, The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870 (University of N. Carolina Press; new edition 1984)

Mark S. Weiner, Americans without Law: The Racial Boundaries of Citizenship (New York: New York University Press, 2006)

 

Also required: articles listed in syllabus and cases/statutes that are linked to below. Articles are not linked to (for reasons of copyright), these articles are all accessible online through the UF library system. (Note: all materials listed below are required unless they appear under the heading “additional readings.” On additional readings, see below.)

 

Assignment:

 

Everyone registered in the course for credit hours is required to write one seminar paper (worth 75% of your grade) and to participate in class (worth 25% of your grade). Participation depends on more than coming to class, you must participate in discussion of the materials to earn a passing grade for participation (your participation should also reveal that you have read the materials).

 

Focus of the seminar:

 

We are going to be looking at US Constitutional History from roughly the founding era (actually a bit before) through the 20th century. To make that manageable, we're going to look at citizenship in particular.

 

We are going to be reading primary sources (cases, statutes, the constitution, and some other primary documents) and some secondary sources. The primary source materials will let us discuss who has the power to define citizenship, the secondary materials will let us consider the different approaches of legal history (theory and methods, so to speak). My expectation is that we will generally read 1-3 article length things a week (but see pt 3, below), though I am going to assign two books. We will start the semester with one and finish the semester with the other. I've listed the books and provided information about them below, I'll need you to actually buy the books yourselves.

 

The course is arranged in a rough chronological order, but at times (particularly in the second half of the semester) we will be looking at themes that develop over time. Each week I have identified required readings (typically a key decision and 1-2 related articles). I have also identified additional readings. Class discussion depends on everyone reading the required readings carefully. The additional readings are intended as a prompt for students looking for paper topics, they are not intended to be exclusive (that is, I expect you to find other materials on your own).

 

My hope is that throughout the semester we will spend some time discussing papers you all have written. For those of you working on dissertation chapters or MA theses, this will be a chance to present drafts of them, but we can also fit in presentations on seminar papers.

 

 

Week 1:  Jan. 9: Introduction to the course

Read the materials on citizenship here: http://www.nelrc.org/cpcc/necpindex.htm

 

 

Week 2:  Jan 16: The concept of citizenship in Early America

Kettner, The Development of American Citizenship

 

Additional readings:

Nancy Isenberg, Sex and Citizenship in Antebellum America (1998)

 

Week 3: Jan 23: Defining citizenship in Early America:

Calvin’s Case (1608) (skim)

Pennsylvania Constitution (1776) (skim)

Pennsylvania Constitution (1838) (skim)

Martin v. Masssachusetts (1805)

Linda Kerber, The Paradox of Women’s Citizenship in the Early Republic, American Historical Review, vol, 97 (1992): 349

 

Additional readings:

The Avalon Project, especially 18th & 19th century documents (Yale University Law School)

Historic Pennsylvania Constitutions, Duquesne Law School

Seneca Falls Declaration (1848)

 

 

Week 4: Jan 30: Native Americans, sovereignty and citizenship in Early America

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

Stephen G. Bragaw, Thomas Jefferson and the American Indian Nations: Native American Sovereignty and the Marshall Court Journal of Supreme Court History vol. 31 (2006): 155

 

 

Additional readings:

Indian Citizenship Act of 1924

Kevin Bruyneel, Challenging American Boundaries: Indigenous People and the “Gift” of U.S. Citizenship Studies in American Political Development 18 (2004): 30.

 

 

Week 5: Feb 6: African  Americans, rights and citizenship in the Antebellum Era

Roberts v. City of Boston (1850)

Pierson, Michael, “Slavery Cannot be Covered Up with Broadcloth or a Bandanna,” Journal of the Early Republic 25 (2005): 383-415 (1850s)

David Gellman, Race, the Public Sphere, and Abolition in Late Eighteenth-Century New York Journal of the Early Republic vol, 20 (2000): 607

Hilary J. Moss, The Tarring and Feathering of Thomas Paul Smith: Common Schools, Revolutionary Memory and the Crisis of Black Citizenship in Antebellum Boston New England Quarterly 80 (2007): 218.

 

Additional readings:

Scott v. Sanford (1857) (the Dred Scott Case)

 

 

Week 6: Feb 13: Citizenship and rights after the Civil War, Part I

Elk v. Wilkins (1884)

James W. Fox, Jr., Exploring the History, Evolution, and Future of the Fourteenth Amendment: Democratic Citizenship and Congressional Reconstruction, 13 Temple Political and Civil Rights Law Review 453 (2004)

David R. Quigley, The Proud Name of “Citizen” Has Sunk American Nineteenth Century History (Great Britain) vol. 3 (2002): 69                           

 

Additional readings:

Robert J. Kaczorowski, To Begin the Nation Anew: Congress, Citizenship and Civil Rights After the Civil War American Historical Review vol. 92 (1987): 45

 

 

Week 7: Feb 20: Citizenship and rights after the Civil War, Part II

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898)

Karin Zipg, Reconstructing the Free Woman: African American Women, Apprenticeship and Custody Rights During Reconstruction Journal of Women’s History 12 (2000): 8

 

Additional Readings:

Mary Frances Berry, Military Necessity and Civil Rights Policy: Black Citizenship and the Constitution, 1861-1868 (1977)

Laura Edwards, Status without Rights: African Americans and the Tangled History of Law and Governance in the Nineteenth-Century US South American Historical Review vol. 112 (2007): 365

 

 

Week 8:  Feb 27: Workers and Citizenship  

Holden v. Hardy (1898)

Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905)

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

James R. Barrett and David Roediger, Inbetween Peoples: Race, Nationality and the “New Immigrant” Working Class Journal of American Ethnic History 16 (1997): 3.

 

Additional readings:

Lizabeth Cohen, Making a New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago, 1919-1939 (1990)

Gerald Berk, “Corporate Liberalism Reconsidered: A Review Essay,” Journal of Policy Studies 3 (1991): 84

Randolph Bergstrom, Courting Danger

Barbara Welke, Recasting American Liberty: Gender, Race, Law and the Railroad Revolution, 1865-1920 (2001)

William Wiecek, The Lost World of Classical Liberal Thought, 1886-1937

 

 

Week 9: March 5: Women as citizens?

Minor v. Happersett (1874)

Adam Winkler, A Revolution Too Soon: Woman Suffragists and the “Living Constitution,” 76 NYU L. Rev. 1456 (2001).                                                

Reva B. Siegel, She the People: The Nineteenth Amendment, Sex Equality, Federalism and the Family 115 Harv. L. Rev. 947 (2002).

 

Additional readings:

Linda Kerber, No Constitutional Right to be Ladies? (1998)

Gretchen Ritter, Jury Service and Women’s Citizenship Before and After the Nineteenth Amendment Law and History Review 20 (2002): 479

 

Week 10:  Spring Break

 

 

Week 11: March 19: Rights and citizenship

Palko v. Connecticut (1937)

Kenneth W. Mack, “Rethinking Civil Rights Lawyering and Politics in the Era Before Brown,” Yale L. J. 115 (2005): 256

 

Additional readings:

United States v. Carolene Products, 304 US 144 (1938)

Murdock v. Pennsylvania, 319 US 105 (1943)

Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145 (1968)

Griswold v. Connecticut

Risa Goluboff, The Lost Promise of Civil Rights (2007)

 

 

Week 12: March 26: Citizenship, education and rights

Minersville School District v. Gobitis (1940)

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Jack Balkin, Plessy, Brown and Grutter: A Play in Three Acts 26 Cardozo Law Review 1689 (2005).

 

 

Additional readings:

Wisconsin v. Yoder 406 US 205 (1972).

Plyler v. Doe, 457 US 202 (1982)

 

 

Week 13: April 2: Citizenship and war

Ex Parte Merryman (1861)

Abrams v. United States (1919)

Korematsu v. United States  (1944)

Michael Traynor, Citizenship in a Time of Repression 35 Stetson Law Review 775 (2006)

 

Additional readings:

Suzanne, Mettler, The Creation of the G.I. Bill of Rights of 1944: Melding Social and Participatory Citizenship Ideals Journal of Policy History vol. 17 (2005): 345

Lucy E. Salyer, Baptism by Fire: Race, Military Service and U.S. Citizenship Policies, 1918-1935 Journal of American History vol. 91 (2004): 847

Christopher Capozzola, The Only Badge Needed is Your Patriotic Fervor: Vigilance, Coercion and the Law in World War I America, Journal of American History vol. 88 (2002): 1354

 

 

Week 14: April 9: Identity and citizenship, Part II

Linda Kerber, The Meaning of Citizenship, Journal of American History vol. 84 (1997): 833

Kimberle Crenshaw, Race, Reform and Retrenchment Harvard Law Review vol. 101 (1988): 1331.

 

 

Week 15: April 16: Last class

Weiner, Americans without Law

 

Week 16: papers due