Oral Language vs. Written Language

There are some basic differences between oral and written language uses and these differences are important to the literacy development of ESOL students.  Because the use of written language, particularly in the form of reading, is the primary manner in which content area material is taught in schools, the ability to master written language forms is essential to the academic success of ESOL students.

 

Oral Language	Written Language
Informal	More formal
Uses general terms	Uses more specific terms that may include specialized vocabulary
Opportunity for negotiation of meaning: repetition, clarification, questioning	Less opportunity for negotiation of meaning
Nonverbal support	No visible nonverbal clues to meaning unless there are graphics included in the text
Shorter, simpler grammatical structures	Longer, more complex grammar
Generally learned more quickly	May take longer to learn

Note that these differences are similar to those between social and academic language.  While oral language may include academic language, it is generally easier to grasp because of the characteristics described above.

**Reflect on your own content area and the readings that are required of students when learning about this subject.  What are the particular aspects of language including vocabulary, structure, and overall style that may present difficulties for all students, particularly ESOL students?  Share your reflections and any strategies you may use to ease those difficulties with a classmate. To document you have completed this assignment submit the name of your discussion partner to the facilitator.

 

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